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Why are people so skeptical of Malayalis and view then with suspicion

Why are people so skeptical of Malayalis and view then with suspicion
Being a North Indian and living in Kerala, what i have seen is that generally people have a non friendly approach to things. Initially i was not sure if i was the only one who felt it but after staying there for 3 years in Kerala, what i have observed is that most people there itself do not hang out with each other. The friendship over there is totally superficial. Smile, but do not genuinely mean it.
Sharing a few articles
It’s not just unity but discord among themselves that are the hallmarks of Malayalees as a community anywhere in the world, including their home state.
While the bonding and unity among Malayalees is what would be apparent to an observer, the factor of discord will usually be an undercurrent that brings the ugliness of it to the surface only when things go bursting at the seams, or it cannot be contained anymore with pretentions.

https://preview.redd.it/0c9gk4b0u5561.jpg?width=602&format=pjpg&auto=webp&s=30bbcff5772f11704a0676759bf03eba542bd8ef

When collectively facing trouble, perceived or real, Malayalees will stick together like kernels on a cob of corn. When things are indeed looking up, well, that’s when the kernels fall apart and each start popping like popcorn.
Comfort of speaking one’s mother tongue, reminiscing a common past, sharing nuanced jokes that other communities cannot understand, a cuisine diverse yet unique that calls for constant exchange of notes, polarised politics that fuels heated exchanges that could never be concluded, movies that at once draw from and define the cultural identity of Malayalees. All these and many more are the reasons for Malayalees to bond with each other. And if they’re anywhere but in Kerala, it would be a yearning for the laid-back life and simple pleasures they left behind back home that calls for unity.
Other communities too may share all or most of these traits, but when it comes to Kerala, there are a number of distinct yet tenuous cultural markers that set Malayalees apart from similar cultures as a result of geographical sequestration all through the history of Kerala. It’s by constantly reminding themselves of this perceived uniqueness, or even superiority, that Malayalees keep their identity intact.
One way to illustrate this is to look at the Tamil vazhai ilai virundhu and Kerala sadya. They might look similar to the uninitiated, but two Malayalees together having a vazhai ilai virundhu in Chennai will necessarily deplore the meal as being bland and insipid and concur that nothing can beat the sadya back home.
When Malayalees concur on an issue with herd mentality at play while discussing the culture or sociopolitical environment of wherever they find themselves anchored (including within Kerala), the unspoken covenant is that there is a clear divide between us and them, the latter being whoever it may be at the receiving end of incessant hostility or even hatred. Sometimes this could be fellow malayalees who are perceived to have crossed the lines drawn by a very mysogynistic society, like actress Parvathi, the current target of Malayali bigotry
But don’t be deceived by the apparent unity among Malayalees in adversarial times.
Malayalees cannot tolerate first-among-equals in any group. So, if someone tries to be one up on the others in their community or a microcosm of it, they’re certain to be sidelined or bitched about.
This factious mentality can be seen in how Malayali associations form and split, and then split further as they grow.
A successful Malayali is not universally accepted by other Malayalees. Their every deed and word will be discussed and dissected with derision and skeptisim.
Unlike Gujaratis who help each other prosper and flourish, and find pleasure in seeing members of their own community becoming successful beyond imagination, Malayalees will give them a backhanded compliment at best, attributing the success to fortuity or clandestine means.
Every Malayalee secretly enjoys the downfall of a successful Malayali (Yeah, it’s generalisation but that’s how you make a point). Think of Anand Jon, or Atlas Ramachandran, who fell from grace. Or even Shashi Tharoor who has more haters than admirers among Malayalees for a variety of crimes he has committed including, but not limited to, speaking and writing in proper but grandiloquent English. But the same Malayalees were the first to embrace him as one-among-us when he scaled heights in the UN. Hypocrisy was conspicuous in the way cricketer S. Sreesanth , was treated all through his career, too
For lack of a simpler word, let’s call it Schadenfreude .
Schadenfreude is the equivalent of a communal orgasm malayalees experience when one of their own falls from grace.
Every Malayali knows that unless he’s on guard, it’d be his compatriots who would be his nemesis when he rises above others. And rising above others is what every Malayali wants to do. This quandary leads to the Crab mentality.
Every Malayali is born a Malayali, and brought up to be very proud of his Mallu heritage. This remains, till the person hits puberty, when he or she has to make a choice. A choice that will determine what he or she will become. A true Mallu or a true Human Being.
Although called as "God's Own Country" for any sane and civilised person, I would say it would be worse than the Devil's Home.
There are four types of Mallus
1.The Normal Mallu
The Normal Mallu is the major Mallu Stereotype (Well it is True). He wears the White Dhoti and White Khadi shirt at every major function, she wears the Sari. Everything looks so normal, until you get to know them closely.
All they see is power, and they take it using the best way possible, corrupting the minds of people. Apparently they will look all well dressed, and aptly well spoken in all public events, but they move the crowd in a way that still makes me wonder how many retards I have in my state. These people are pure evil. Educated, smart, pure evil.
These are the people who will smile at you, talk politely and in a swift move will cheat you. Most normal mallus hate other cultures and people who are not mallu,Yes even other Indians and especially the West. They just use it to make money.
Normal Mallu women are woman who believes that doing housework is beneath them and always crib about it. Loves to show off and always gossiping. Normal Mallus are the people who always are concerned about other people's business, like who is having a baby, why did he do engineering, look at her why can't she get a better husband and so on. Another point is being ungrateful. No matter how much you do for them, they never say Thank you and want more and more. Not even an iota of gratitude.
Another point is that they brag about their kids and say that other people's Kids are dumb. Assume that they know everything. Also, try and have a discussion with a Normal Mallu. An intelligent discourse is not possible. They have to fight and argue and then comes screaming and shouting.
2. The Retard Mallu
They are the reason why I sometimes begin to hate where I come from. Educated or not, it really doesn't matter, because, these, are some serious retards. They come from all sections of the society. They don't know how to react, they don't know how to think. They think that being Educated makes them smart. They are the useless people in this country that has the potential to cause harm as they are mere sheep in the hands of the power-loving Normal Mallu.
It's like an educated army of retard-zombies who can be controlled by a common cause with no logic to support it at all. That, is chaos, my friend.
The Thinking process of this people start and end with textbook education. All of them have no idea of what they are fighting for and what believes they hold. It's just a huge pool of wasted education. You channel them in any way, they will blindly follow suite, all you have to do is lead them with a sign.
Their thoughts are so skewed that, no mater how much education they possess, they will never accept the changes that happen outside. hey never think to progress. These are your Moral Police. They impose weird laws on people, in the name of "safeguarding the Malayali Society and Culture "
The sad fact is, they are the Malayali population majority, and hence all the evils in the Mallu-stereotype belong to them.
3.The Outcast Mallu
The Minority Malayalis. People don't even believe we exist. Most of the credit goes to the parenting, which enabled these people to be free-thinkers even as kids. They grow up to become good human beings, but according to the Mallu society, Bad Mallus.
These are the Malayalis who do something good to people and help someone, but the ones they help betray them and they become bitter.
All Malayalis who do good end up with the same fate in Kerala and these are the ones who suffer the most. In the end they leave Kerala for Good. Kindness is a virtue that is not possible to have in Kerala.
Characteristics of these Mallus
  • They are the ones who respect women EVEN when they are at a disadvantage. We take care of them.
  • They are the ones who have become fed up of this social etiquette that is nothing but retarded pure evil.
  • They are the ones who are always questioned for what we do.
  • They are the ones who totally defy the Mallu Stereotype, making the people from outside even wonder, if we are from the same state.
  • They are the ones who drive the over-drunk girls safely back to their homes.
  • They are the ones, who act, on our own.
  • They are the ones who had to face so much ridicule from everyone throughout our lives, just because they could think on their own, and never failed to express it.
  • They are the ones whose Kindness is mistaken by the rest of Mallus as stupid and ridiculed saying that they are fools as they do not cheat anyone.
  • They are the one who have to face all the shit from the rest of the world just because we did one mistake - They were born Mallu.

The only funny part about this is, they are the ONLY Malayalis (along with the NRIs) who get accepted everywhere else around the world, except in our own homeland.
They are respected, and accepted everywhere, and are not even referred to as being Mallu, they just end up belonging everywhere.
4.The Non-resident Mallu
This category consists of kids of NRI Malayalis, who end up being awesome.But the sad part of this group is that their parents. Parents of these children have no clue about the life back home as their version of Kerala is stuck in 1970 or when they have left. To them Kerala was the friendly homeland with poverty they saw back i the 60's and 70's.
Little do they know that the people back home were not screwed and manipulative and have a bad attitude as they did not have the money to show their nefarious side.
A friend of mine once told me a wise saying - " Money does not change people, it merely gives bad people a chance to bring out their nature to light. Give them an opportunity to get away with their crimes."
Now that NRI money has flowed in people are showing their true colours.
Most of these NRI Kids are inculcated the Malayali culture, which they learn from Malayalam films, and have no ground reality of how to stay or live in their own homeland. Plus their parents version of malayali culture.
Whenever the Normal Mallu (Local Keralite) sees them or even if they encounter the relatives they are only loyal or even care about them as long as you give them money,or use them as a means to an end. NRI Keralite gets disillusioned after having so many experiences and hence ends up leaving Kerala. Sadly
Not surprised if anyone outside Kerala is skeptical because the experience, but even the Non-resident Mallu and the Outcast Mallu are skeptical.
Want to share an article that I have come across. This is from a Mallu Himself
I am an ex Malayali who has left Kerala, and i think there are lots of compelling reasons for people to be a little skeptical of them.
In my personal experience Malayali people are the most selfish and cunning people I have ever met.
An educated neighbor next door will not mind his own business. If you plant some vegetables in your yard he/ she next door will not do that instead they will find ways to destroy your vegetables.Since people in kerala has no job this is what they do. Poke their noses into other peoples business. Have no regard to personal privacy
Malayali people only care about money and are even willing to torture people to get it. Most malayalis who are rich became so by looting their own relatives. They don't care if it is Brother, sister, father, wife , husband and so on.
To Accomplish their goals they are willing to do anything
My statements are based on the observation and my experience being there.
In Kerala, if you are not amused or take joy in another persons suffering then you can’t be called a Malayali.
Let me share this news

https://reddit.com/link/kcyfp5/video/yukp3lrxna561/player
This is what happens when people deal with people in Kerala. This good Arab guy helped a Malayali when he was in Jail in Dubai and seeing how much he has suffered helped him and his wife to start a business. What Happened. The malayali person did not show his gratitude and instead stole all his wealth and now this poor Arab guy can’t even support his family.
People spend time to research and scheme to cheat one another and do not work hard for making their money. In Oman and UAE where i have lived for some time, I have literally seen the suffering of other malayalis which was brought about by their fellow brothers and sisters. Most of them betray there own people.
Interesting News Article. Readers please be the judge
Backstabbing in DNA of Malayalees: Union Minister Alphons
After leaving Kerala and settling down in Rajasthan, I learned that life is beautiful with you can leave behind all negative values.
Truly Shared by a Mallu himself.
Sharing a few more experiences which I have read by Dinesh T
As a Tamilian, these are my observations on Malayalis:
They are highly educated, but have a backward mentality. In the company where I work, Malayalis are the only ones who are lethargic, and try to take the easy way out. Most of my colleagues are ready to put in a hour extra to finish the work, but when you ask malayali colleagues, they get very angry.
Don’t know why people say that kerala is literate. I have seen even poor people in Tamil Nadu talk politely since in Kerala people are always argumentative and is hot tempered. Even on street i always hear people argue. I can’t understand how to have conversation with them as they are always argumentative.
Let me share a clip which was shared to me by a colleague.
Kallada Travels bus staff thrash passengers force them out

https://reddit.com/link/kcyfp5/video/4w0tnshuqa561/player
A passenger gets beaten by the bus staff for asking why there is no one coming to fix the bus, after it broke down and he requested for a refund, since they are waiting for a couple of hours after the bus broke down.
In my experience, you cannot have a civil discussion with malayali. If you keep quiet, they assume that you are ignorant. if you talk they will argue.
Another thing that I have observed is always scheming and cheating people. Cheating people is not the only way to make money, but working towards it is another way. The Malayali girl who lived in my apartment building went and filed for disability claim to get her child scholarship, when her child is a perfectly healthy child. These people should understand that there people with actual needs. Please do not indulge these kind of activities.
There is a saying in Tamil " KOLAYALIYA NAMBINALUM NAMBALAM AANA MALAYALIYA NAMBA KOODATHU ", which means trust a murderer but not a malayali.
I am not trying to generalize but people here say that because most of them have a bad experience with a Malayali person. Most of them are scheming and cunning.
Being a Tamilian, i can understand the malayalam language and what i found out is that no one trust each other, that is because people always screw each other and backstab each other. My malayali friend once told me that even spouses don’t trust each other and let me share my experience of a malayali colleague. They are married for 9 years and have a daughter. What he told me is that he eats from the office and his wife cooks one day for the child, the next day he cooks. He keeps telling me that everyday life is miserable. One day he drank a whole bottle of rum and sat in the theater and saw the same film 4 times as life was filled with arguments. In fact most of my colleagues don’t even talk to their spouse.
I do not understand the religion in Kerala. They say they are secular, but spend full time talking about religion and spreading christianity. In our apartment complex in Sholinganallur, we have come across a bunch of Malayli christians who always preach about doing good and kindness, but we have never witnessed any acts of these from those people. There were a lot of complaints against these people from various families due to their arguments and excessive alcoholism.
Racism is another point i want to point out. They are not appreciative of other cultures and always assume that they are superior. In Tamil Nadu, what i have observed is that malayalis look down on us due to skin colour. They call us PANDI, as an Insult. Well Tamil people are proud of their culture.
All this is coming from the fact that they have a fake superiority sense. Well the rest of Indians are educated as well.
I do not want to generalize, but have come across these scenarios and hence want to point out that these are the reasons why people are skeptical and always unwilling to trust them
Moving on to the next item which I am sharing
Although the below clip is meant for humour, you can certainly find the mindset of a Malayali person from this.

https://reddit.com/link/kcyfp5/video/7csbdyfbaa561/player
The person in this clip, who does a job for this wealthy person, never even thinks that he gets his living because of him. So when the lady tricks him into thinking that he has won the lottery, he literally abuses the person who gave him the job.
Once he realises he was tricked, he literally goes back and begs for his old job.
There is a Malayalam proverb - Palam Kadakkuvolam "Narayana Narayana" Palam Kadannal "Korayana Korayana".
Literal: Until the bridge is crossed one prays "Narayana, Narayana",once the brigde is crossed one says "Korayana Korayana". (Narayana is a hindu god, Korayana refers to a disrespectful distortion of the god's name. )
Malayalis are only with you until you have met their needs . Once you have helped them to overcome or reach a solution to a problem, and as soon as they feel relieved, they start treating the person as if they are now strangers or even annoying to them! (i.e. They totally forget the help they received.)
Malayalis are a double edged sword, as they can hurt anyone in one way.
Think of this in a simple manner. If you are in the presence of a person like Saddam, he will only torture you if you get on his bad side, else you will get on with your life .But whether you are on the good side or bad side of a Malayali, they can torture and harass you.
Article by Shraddha Patel, Architect at HKS Architects
I am from Delhi and I do not hate Kerala, but what i find surprising is that all the people say that it is the most literate state and highly educated people, yet they seem to come across as the most irrational and narrow minded people, and they think they are God's gift to the world.
I am sharing my experiences of what i had with Malayalis. When I graduated from college and just preparing for a new chapter, my mother told me that in our apartment block there is another family, who is an architect and told me to approach him. I did so When I met him and gave him my resume, he just glanced at it and threw it in my face and told me that you are not worth it. How rude. I expected him to say that that you would need to improve on this. What is strange is that in a couple of months I landed up in the same company where he works.
Another instance what i would like to share is that, when i left my first company, there were a couple of references required for my new company and most of my colleagues are malayalis. So i asked them and gave their names as references. What happened next was that no one whose name i gave as references had given me any response and when i called them they said they cannot do it.If you are unwilling to help please do say so in the beginning and do not say that you can and then waste the other persons time. Luckily my manager was a Sikh and he has vouched for me.
I've noticed in diverse groups of people, in colleges, or even when i travelled abroad, malayalees can gang up and be insular, and this is even compared with other insular groups like Tamils, Maharashtrians, Goans, Kannadas and so on.
In Delhi, among most people we say that East or West , Mallus are the pests
I am not being biased being a North Indian , but people from Kerala is very hard to deal with. Most of them are very cunning and are unwilling to help anyone. I am friendly to all people and yet i find it difficult to be friendly to Malayalis. Even though I have a few Malayali friends, I guess they are nice because they are generations removed from living in Kerala.
I guess it is the Kerala culture that makes people distrust them.
Sharing a comment from Shibu George
Kerala is an Enigmatic place. As a Malayali myself we criticize North Indians as not progressive and Westerners as having physical relationship in public and lacking family structure, but we seldom introspect and find the faults in us. People are skeptical because most of them are very individualistic and are self serving . Let me list the qualities that I have observed and the reason why most of the people are reluctant to hang out with them
This is based on a proverb " Araante ammakku pranthu pitichaal kaanaan nalla chellu"
Literal: If somebody's mother goes mad, it is a good scene to watch
Do not understand why so Mallus take pride in someone else's misfortunes. That same tragedy can come to them as well.
A product of high education (Not the right education)
Backstabbers - Everyone talks rubbish about someone else, be it family members, friends or colleagues. What a bunch of gossip filled people.
True Malayali nature is revealed only after alcohol
Whenever there is a party, they will dress up in their best and go the the alcohol table and slowly start guzzling alcohol as there are planning to store them in their big belly.( Guess they learned to store their drink like the Camels of Arabia). Once they are fully sloshed, you will hear the most derogatory comments a human being can spew
Know it all attitudes
if you ask a Malayali anything, even if they they do not know of the topic, they will surely talk about it. Even if you offer correct answer, they will come out and say that don't teach me, I am educated.(arrogance)
Money goes through their head - Another proverb to prove my point
" Alpanu aishwaryam vannal, artha raathriyilum kuda pidikkum"
Literal: when an insignificant person gets wealthy quickly, he will even hold an umbrella at midnight.
The funny fact is that out of poverty and unemployment in the 80's and coming to a better lifestyle, instead of being grateful they show off in front of others.
Beating and Heroism - Don't understand that why beating people is a matter of pride. A small argument turns violent. Even Malayali parents beat the crap out of their children. Everyone things that they are champions by showing physical strength
Religious Hypocrisy - Goes to all religious institutions and show off. just look at the ladies, drink throughout the week, and then on Sundays goes to these places, putting on a lot of gold, and powder like a clown (Thinking that it will make them look all fair and lovely) and do not even attend the services, and attend all association. The mentality is praising a deity on weekend and on weekdays it will be brawls, hypocrisy and all other nonsense.
High fi mindset - If a malayali gets a new gadget, clothes or anything , he will show it to others and pretend that everyone else if low grade. 21st Century society with a 4th century BC mindset.
Money for friendship - your best friend is with you only till you have a status.
A lot of my NRK friends do not even want to visit Kerala as they know that this is the place which should be referred to as Purgatory
Below comment from Rejil Nair
Couple of years ago, my answer to this would be it is a great place, beautiful scenery and so on. That is because we are conditioned to think in a certain way, and we only question our own life when we face challenges.
Once I realized what the challenges are, I realized my own place is not as green as it should be. Yes, it is green, but Green with Envy and Jealousy.
Kerala, is a state that enjoys high social indicators. That is the tag line that all Malayalis use or the ones who are hardcore Malayalis use to describe Kerala and its culture. There comes a point in most Malayalis life or atleast the once who are not hardcore, they come to the realization that mostly people live with narrow mindedness and lack of proper culture.
On the surface, we are very forwarded minded, but underneath the surface comes the dark underbelly of our sad cultural upbringing, which you will come to realize after being exposed to other cultures and hangout with other communities.
Anyone who disagrees in their society is branded as ignorant, threatened, abused, and stigmatized. Cunning mindset, control, manipulation, threats are a way of life there. If someone points out the mistakes in a malayali, despite thinking is there any fact in it he or she will make the other person shut any possible ways.
Groupism
Malayalis are more like to flock together in a gathering and less likely to ease into a conversation with a non-malayali. There is a inherent sense of groupism amongst us. This stems from the fact that people believe that they are highly educated and that others are inferior.
When in Dubai, once I was talking to another Malayali, I mentioned about a dinner I went to previous night. Those people were from outside Kerala, This Malayali immediately told me that oh! how she doesn't mingle with Hindi speakers because they don't have class. Yes! that's the exact word she used. I have seen many Malayalis ignoring other people in a group.
Assuming that you are superior you is plainly wrong.I used to think "what would Kerala be if it was not for the money of oil rich countries". The answer to this is poverty.
Once that thought kicked in, I realized that we lack gratitude and have forgotten the route of the wealth today.
Even in a company where there are people from all over the world, Mallus ignore the rest. Try and find Mallus hanging out with Filipinos, Arabs and Europeans and so on in Dubai. I can say that maybe for the ones raised there, or whose parents imbibed in them good values.
Most Non Native Malayalis do not mix with native mallus because of their cosmopolitan upbringing. It is not due to snobbishness. But because you have nothing in common to talk with them. While the native Mallus have grown up exclusively in Kerala in the company of only Malayalis. So they tend to flock together. Besides the ones raised in Kerala have zero social etiquette which makes them unwelcome in other groups .
Rudeness
When I was working in Dubai, long time ago, we were living in a shared apartment, and one day our electricity was disconnected and we thought this would never happen. We had paid the bill on a Friday and this was not reflecting in the system. The next day a government appointed electrician came and disconnected the fuse. Who happens to be a Malayali. When we showed him the bill, he said it is not my job to look at the bill and then refused to listen to us and disconnected our connection.
After half an hour, a we saw a Pakistani electrician in the same area, and we approached him and told him that we have paid the bill and showed him the receipt. He called the office, got the system updated and reconnected us back to the electricity. Observe the difference in attitude. Just in a matter of minutes and nothing illegal was also asked by us.
The problem with this attitude is that if this is done to a Non Malayali, then it is not just stereotyped opinion that is formed but real ones. At times I feel bigotry is a bit internal than external, as mallus treat their own mallus with disrespect. Then again, some cases turn out to be different.
Even among minority ethnic groups, Malayalees are looked down on and they command less respect compared to tamils and north indians, as people observe these sort of behaviour and try and stay out of this.
Poking Noses
Malayalis are obsessed with others. They need to show off in front of perfect strangers for no reason at all. And the comments by mallu guys are crass, that it is unbelievable, and the best part is they do not realize that it is not normal.
Even a villager from a small town in other places has more dignity than a Malayali and will behave himself in public. And what is more the pity is that Malayalis think this is normal. They do not realize how abnormal most of them are compared to the others.
Keralites are a cynical lot often refusing to believe anybody's sincerity of purpose. This is because from birth they are conditioned to believe that all non Malayalis are unclean and uncultured.
The pride of being a Malayali, and the belief that we are superior with literacy transforms into arrogance about being a malayali and absolute disrespect for others. Today a lot of people within the state who has a thinking capacity and common sense is trying to shed their roots or identity and for that matter even NRI Malayali.
It is because Keralites stick out like sore thumbs outside Kerala and have earned themselves a 'reputation' with their 'outstanding' behavior.
Kerala proves that every literate person cannot be called an educated person. Education is a much broader concept than literacy. Literacy might make people feel superior to others, but only educated people are superior who know how to respect elders and pay due attention in putting themselves in others view before doing stupidity. The people who can read and write, but use abusive and foul language are literate but definitely not educated and well versed.
Yes judging others and moral policing, yet never taking a self analysis. Keralites like to pose as paragons of virtue until the sun sets.
Honestly speaking, I take pride in being a good Human Being, rather than being self righteous and judgemental. I wouldn't want to be associated with other Mallus, not because of any contempt, rather I feel more open minded. The jingoistic groupism they so fervently purport is sickening. The infamous Mallu narrow- mindedness and jealosy is still prevalent, ripping apart families and friendship. On the whole I am friendly with Mallus, but I would not want to emulate the pride and the narrow mindedness and xenophobia.
I wish I was a any other Indian, because of how, many mallus are perceived (again..not all!). At least the remaining are open and accepting of other people besides their own group, where as Mallus only care for themselves and don't give shit about others.
It is better to keep a distance with Malayalees. At best they can be acquaintances, never friends and certainly not relatives by marriage or some within.
I am reminded of a witty quote about kerala, It is God's own country housing Devil's own people!


submitted by Nakulsharma90210 to u/Nakulsharma90210 [link] [comments]

Desi kpop fans, songs with a Bollywood vibe?(Dance, Ballad...)

So just recently Refund Sisters released their somg "Don't Touch Me" and the song gave me major 2005 Bunty Aur Babli vibes, I could imagine the tabla in the background as beat (that would be so dope). Give me some more songs with that vibe! Also Bollywood ballad songs are cool!
I mean songs like :
Any more? Dikhaayiye sab music ko!
Edit : Haayo Rabba!, so many answers! Thanks for all your help. I'll take some time to check them out and write you back if I like it or not!
submitted by SeeTheSeaInUDP to kpophelp [link] [comments]

Sunshowers - why do you think so many unconnected cultures have a name for this phenomenon related to animal spirits getting married? Do you know any other folklore related to sunshowers?

A sunshower is when the sun is shining while there are rain showers. It's always been so weird to me that cultures with no obvious connection to each other have the same sort of term for this phenomenon. Most of them seem to involve an animal getting married, generally clever animals and tricksters getting married. Here is a list from Wikipedia and you can see what I mean.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunshower
In Afrikaans, this phenomenon, i.e. when it rains and the sun shines, the traditional belief is Jakkals trou met wolf se vrou, meaning 'Jackal marries wolf's wife'.
In Nigeria, when it rains and the sun is shining at the same time, people say that a Lion is/has giving/given birth. In Albania, when it rains and the sun shines, people say that a romani wedding is taking place somewhere near[citation needed].
In Morocco, Algeria and Tunisia, it is called "عرس الذيب – عرس الذئب (Ar's A'Dib)" or "the wolf's wedding"[citation needed]
In Bangladesh: "শিয়াল মামার বিয়া হচ্ছে" "Shial mamar bia hochchhe" "Uncle Fox is getting married"[citation needed]
In Basque: "Azeri besta" ("Fox feast") or "Azeri ezteia" ("Fox's wedding"): as the sun is shining, the chickens stay outside, but as it is also raining, they remain still, paralyzed by the rain; the fox seizes that occasion to eat them.[citation needed]
In Belgium, Flanders: the traditional belief is that of "Duiveltjeskermis" or "Devil's fair"[citation needed]
In Brazil, "Casamento da raposa" (fox's wedding), "Sol e chuva, casamento de viúva", which is a rhyme that means "Sun and rain, widow's wedding/marriage" or "Chuva e sol, casamento do espanhol", which is a rhyme that means "Rain and Sun, Spanish man's wedding/marriage" (which is often used as a response to the first rhyme or vice versa).[citation needed]
In Bulgaria, there is a saying about a bear getting married.[2]
In El Salvador, it is said that the deer is giving birth[citation needed].
In Ethiopia and Eritrea, it is said that the hyena is giving birth.[citation needed]
In Finland, it is called "Ketut kylpevät" or "foxes are taking bath"[citation needed]
In France, it is traditionally believed that "Le mariage du loup" or "the wolf's wedding", or "giboulée" is taking place[citation needed]
In Galician, the traditional belief is that the vixen or the fox are getting married: casa a raposa / casa o raposo; sometimes the wolf and the vixen: Estanse casando o lobo coa raposa.[4]
A wide range of expression is attested in the Germanies, many of them historically, e.g. ‚There’s a feast day in hell‘ (Oldenburg), ‚marriage [in hell]‘ (East Frisia), ‚funfair [in hell]‘ (Westphalia, Rhineland), the latter one attested already in 1630. Others are ‚They’re baking in hell‘, ‚The devil is making pancakes‘ (Oldenburg), ‚Frau Holle hosts a funfair‘ (Lower Rhineland), ‚There’s a marriage among the heathens/gypsies‘ (Switzerland), ‚The devil’s dancing with his grandmother‘ (Winsen district, Lower Saxony), ‚The devil is marrying‘ (Sleswick-Holsatia), ‚The devil is endowing his daughters‘ (Mecklenburg). Often, the phenomenon is interpreted as a struggle between rain and sunshine. ‚The devil is beating his wife/grandmothemother-in-law‘ (Bavaria, Austria, Lunenburg), ‚The deviless gets beaten‘ (Eger country, Bohemia), ‚The devil is stabbing his wife with a sword‘ (Celle, Lower Saxony), ‚The devil has hanged his mother‘ (Moselle). The versions referring to the devil’s wife (instead of grandmother etc) are the older ones. Praetorius (Blockes Berges Verrichtung, Leipzig 1668) mentions „Der Teufel schlägt seine Mutter, daß sie öl gibt“ (The devil is beating his wife so she will serve ale). In Sleswick-Holsatia and Oldenburg, there’s also: ‚The devil is bleaching his grandmother‘, as this usually involved repeated dampening of cloth in the sun – quite fitting for the weather phenomenon. Otherwise, idioms refer to witches. ‚The witches are dancing‘, ‚The old witch is making pancakes‘ (Sleswick-Holsatia), ‚The witches are making butter‘ (Silesia), ‚The witches are being buried at the end of the world‘ (North Frisia). Although later on witches are often depicted as the devil’s mistresses, not a single idiom about sunshowers shows them as such. Around the Baltic Sea, there are also references to sunshowers and ‚whore’s children‘, i.e. illegitimate children: ‚Now a whore’s child has been sired/baptised‘ (Mecklenburg). Similar expressions could be found in Finland. Furthermore there are humorous versions like: ‚A lieutenant is paying his debts‘ (Rhineland), ‚A nobleman goes to heaven‘ (Lunenburg), ‚A tailor goes to heaven‘ (Sleswick-Holsatia, Upper Saxony), ‚The devil gets a lawyer’s soul‘ (Oldenburg). Completely different in origin are ‚The wolf has fevebellyache‘ or ‚Now the wolves are pissing‘ (Mecklenburg).[5] in Greece they say "ήλιος και βροχή, παντρεύονται οι φτωχοί. Ήλιος και φεγγάρι, παντρεύονται οι γαιδαροι," which means "Sun and rain, the poor are getting married. Sun and moon, the donkeys are getting married."
In Hawaii, it is known as "ghost rain" or "liquid sunshine".
In Hungary, it is known as "veri az ördög a feleségét" which translates to "the devil is beating his wife".
In Bihar, India, rain during sunshine is called a "siyaar ke biyaah" ("jackals' wedding") and children may then sing about it.
In Iran it is known as ".گرگ داره میزاد" which means "wolf giving birth".
In Italy they say "Piove e c'è il sole, la gatta fa l'amore" which means "It rains with the sun, the (female) cat is making love".
In Jamaica, it is known as "The Devil and his wife are having a fight" This is significant of the two opposing elements: Sun Vs. Rain.
In Japan, it is known as "Kitsune no yomeiri", or "the fox's wedding."
In Kenya, hyenas or monkeys are getting married.
In Korea, a male tiger gets married to a fox, which makes the cloud, who loved the fox, weep behind the sun.
In the Mazandarani language, in north of Iran, it is also called "the jackal's wedding".
In Maldives, it is also "The rain that falls when a noble infidel dies".
In Malta it is known as "Twieled Tork" which translates to "A Turkish baby has been born".
In Tunisia and Morocco, it is the "wolf's wedding". In the north, they say: "Shta Wel Kayla Wel 'Urss Del 'Ayla" which means "The rain and the sun and the girl's wedding."
In Nepal (Nepali), it is called "a jackal's wedding" or "Gham-paani, gham-paani shyal ko bihe" which literally translates to "Sunshower, sunshower, a jackal's wedding". There are folksongs about sunshowers.
In Pashto, it is also called "Da gidarh wade" or "the jackal's wedding".
In Pakistani Punjab, it is also called "Kani gidh Da waye" or "one eye jackal's wedding".
In Philippines, the it is said the tikbalang is getting married.[6]
In Puerto Rico and the Dominican Republic, it is said that witches are getting married.
In Sri Lanka in the Sinhala, it is called "the fox's wedding" (අව්වයි වැස්සයි, නරියගෙ මගුලයි).
In South African English, a sunshower is referred to as a "monkey's wedding", a loan translation of the Zulu umshado wezinkawu, a wedding for monkeys.[2]
In Sudan, the donkey and monkey are getting married.
In various African languages, leopards are getting married.
In Sweden it is called "vitterväder".
In Trinidad and Tobago, it is called "Monkey Marriddin" or monkeys getting married.
In parts of the United Kingdom, traditional belief is that it is "a monkey's birthday".
In Tanzania, they say "Simba anazaa" – literally "the lioness is giving birth".
In Thailand, it is said to happen when somebody passes away.
In Ukraine, it is called "грибний дощ (hrybnyj doshch)" or "the mushroom rain".
In Zimbabwe, it is referred to as a "monkey's wedding".
India
In Assamese, it is called "Khonra xiyaalor biya (খঁৰা শিয়ালৰ বিয়া)", meaning "the bob-tailed fox's wedding".
In Bengali, it is called "the blind fox's wedding".
In Gujarati, it is called "Naago varsaad", meaning "naked rain".
In Hindi, it is also called "the ghosts' wedding".[2]
In Kannada, it is called "Kaage Nari maduve" which means "Crow and fox getting married" (ಕಾಗೆ ನರಿ ಮದುವೆ)
In Konkani, it is called "a monkey's wedding".
In Marathi, it is called "nagda paaus", meaning "naked rain".
In Malayalam, it is called "the fox's wedding" (കുറുക്കന്റെ കല്യാണം)
In Oriya, it is called "the fox's wedding" (ଖରା ହେଉଛି ମେଘ ହେଉଛି, ଶିଆଳ ପୁଅ ବାହା ହେଉଛି).
In Tamil, it is called "The fox and the crow are getting married" (காக்காவுக்கும் நரிக்கும் கல்யாணம்).
In Telugu, it is called "Yenda Vanalo, kukkala nakkala pelli" which means "Dogs and foxes getting married in the sunshowers" (ఎండా వానలో కుక్కల, నక్కల పెళ్ళి). It can also be called "Kaki Pelli", which means "crow's marriage". In Inda, and Burma, those who speak the Tangkhul language, refer to sunshowers as the 'wedding of a spirit to a human'.
submitted by Adriannee to MysteriousUniverse [link] [comments]

Ontitokaaha - This week's language of the week: Alabama!

Alabama (also known as Alibamu, Albaamo innaaɬiilka in the language itself) is a Muskogean language spoken by the Alabama-Coushatta Tribe of Texas. It was spoken at the Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Oklahoma, but has since died out there. There are approximately 250 speakers of the language left.

Linguistics

As a Muskogean language, Alabama is distantly related to other, more widely known, languages such as Chickasaw and Chocktaw. Among its closer relatives are the Koasati and Apalachee languages, and it is believed to have been closely related to the now-extinct Muklasa and Tuskegee languages.
Various subdivisions of these languages have been proposed, but no clear consensus has been reached outside of closely related languages and the family as a whole to provide a firm basis for positing a tree. Because of that, the possible intermediate forms will not be listed below.
Classification
Alabama's full classification is as follows:
Muskogean > Alabama
Phonology and Lexicon
Alabama distinguishes three vowels -- /i a o/ -- phonemically (though there is a fourth one that could possibly have a phonemic distribution). These vowels are, however, contrasted in all positions for length, thus giving Alabama six phonemic vowel choices. While length is contrasted in all positions, in word-final position it is limited to specific syntactic functions. Likewise, there is a lot of variation in how the vowels are actually realized. Vowels can be nasal, but, in all but one case, nasal vowels alternate with a vowel + nasal combination and should not be considered independent phonemes. Diphthongs can result when a vowel is followed by a glide in a closed syllable; out of the six possible diphthongs, only three (/ay/, /oy/, /aw/) can be considered as phonemic, with two (/ow/ and /iw/) not known to occur at all.
Alabama has 14 consonants (5 stops, 4 fricatives, 3 resonants and 2 glides). No stops occur at the end of words in native Alabama words in isolation and thus only appear word initially or medially between vowels. Apart from the voiced bilabial stop /b/, voicing is redundant with all obstruents being voiceless while resonants and glides are voiced.
All consonants except for /b/ can form geminates, with /bb/ and /b/ being in free variation. Likewise all consonants except /b/ and /c/ (the voiced bilabial stop and the alveopalatal stop) can occur as the initial member of a two member consonant cluster, while all consonants can be the second member. Clusters do not occur in word-final position. Likewise, clusters of three consonants do not occur morpheme-internally; when they do occur due to other processes, such as affixation or compounding, they are reduced to two-consonant clusters. (Ex: ist- (instrumental prefix) + coopa ('buy') = iscoopa ('sell')). Borrowed words, however, may avoid the cluster reduction, as in katska 'blue catfish' from *kats 'cats' + -ka 'derivational affix'.
Alabama has a pitch accent, though it is not lexically significant but rather grammatically conditioned. There are two pitches, high and low, with low only being contrastive with it is immediately preceded by a high pitch sound. This often occurs within the same syllable, resulting in a falling pitch. While pitch isn't lexically contrastive, words in isolation are generally pronounced with the final syllable higher than the preceeding one, regardless of structure or word class, unless the word has an inherent falling pitch.
While it is not currently contrastive leixcally, pitch is necessary for grammatical contrasts. The interrogative mood, for instance, is marked by a change in pitch as well as nasalization of the final vowel. However, for some speakers the nasalization is so slight that the pitch pattern alone determines the indication of the interrogative mood.
Alabama syllables are divided into two types -- restricted and unrestricted. Unrestricted syllables can appear in any position, initial, medial or final, and are of the form (C)V(V). Restricted syllables are of two types -- those that end in a consonant and those that end in a cluster. They can appear as VC, VCC, CVC, CVVC, CCV, CCVV and VCC. Consonant-final syllables are restricted word-fianlly, where the consonant must be /k/, /n/, /t/ or /s/. Elsewhere /c/ adn /b/ cannot appear finally unless followed by /c/ and /b/ respectively. Syllable boundaries occur between two unlike vowels or two consonants in a cluster, even geminate consonants.
Grammar
The basic word order of Alabama is Subject-Object-Verb, though the object can be shifted to the front of the sentence. Likewise, the subject can be positioned after the verb, giving an "afterthought" intonation to the postposed subject of object. A complete sentence may often consist of no more than the inflected verb.
There are two morphologically distinct cases on Alabama nouns -- nominative and oblique. With active verbs, the fully specified noun phrases which functions as the agent is nominative, while all other noun phrases appear in the oblique. With passive verbs, it is the patient that appears in the nominative with all others in the oblique. While other inflections can occur (see below), one of these two always will.
Nouns can inflect for plural, though the uninflected noun can also serve as the plural. They also inflect for possession, taking either inalienably possessed prefixes or alienably possessed ones, depending on the noun itself. Significant semantic categories include animate/inanimate, individual/collective, alienable/inalienable and shape-position, used to reflect human postures of standing, squatting, lying and others.
Nouns are classified according to which prefix the take for possession -- the inalienable possession prefix (patient) or the alienable possession prefix (dative). Kin terms and body parts often take the patient prefixes, as they are inalienably possessed. However, there are some kin terms and body parts that do not take the inalienable prefix, see imapatayyi ('his/her granddaughter or his/her maternal uncle's daughter') as well as imalokha ('brain').
Nouns, as mentioned, mark for case. The nominative case marking is -k, while the oblique is -n. There is a marking for a locative -fa, which is always followed by the -n of the oblique, thus the oblique and the nominative are marked on every noun, coexisting with other inflections. When nouns inflect for the plural, -há is used. Some examplesa re ati ('person') versus atihá ('people'). Along with the locative suffix, which denotes what has the locative relationship (where the thing is at, or on, etc.), there are several locative prefixes that are marked directly on the root of the verb or the noun. These are a-/ay 'at', pa- 'on', on- 'upon' (mostly replaced with pa-, ita- 'down', iba- 'with', o- 'in/into water'.
And example of how these come together with the locative is: takkolcobak ayolimpafan *pa*anááhobi ('There is an apple on the table/There are some apples...'). Here, fa is the locative suffix relating the the bale is the thing they're on, where as pa- expresses the meaning 'on' and appears on the verb. Other ways can appear, such as pa- appearing on the noun itself, or it can appear on the noun or verb, or just the verb (without the locative on the noun; generally for a stative meaning). Another example is the verb for 'to drown', which was derived from ilit, 'to die', by prefixing the o- meaning 'in/into water', giving oyelit.
Nouns can also be derived. Some of the affixes used for this are -osi, a diminutive as in taata 'father', but taatasi 'paternal uncle' (lit. 'little father'); ifa 'dog', ifasi 'puppy' ; -ka, a 'derivational affix' for borrowed words when used in a syntactic construction -- the borrowed bil ('Bill', borrowed name as term of address), but bilka coopati 'Bill bought it'; compounds (formed as adjective-noun as in ocabaski 'pecan', from oca 'nut' + baski 'long'; noun-noun, ittobihi 'bow' from itto 'wood' + bihi 'gun'; as well as noun-verb hasissobayka 'clock' from hasi 'sun' + ist-sobayka 'instrumental-known').
Alabama pronouns have three persons: first, second and third. The third person has zero representation in the agentive and patient, but has overt representations in the dative. First and second persons distinguish singular and plural forms, while the third person does not. These independent pronouns are generally used disambiguation and emphasis. The chart of independent pronouns can be seen below.
Person Singular Plural
First ana posna ~ kosna
Second isna hasna
Third ibisna ibisna
There are a total of four sets of agentive pronomial affixes -- two affirmative and two negative (allomorphs of each other, and clearly historically related). The third person doesn't mark on the verb, and thus will not be represented on the table below. The positive agentive affixes are:
Person is-set ci-set
First singular -as, -li -aa, -li
Second singular is- -ci
First plural (h)il- -(hi)li
Second plural has- -haci
The negative affixes are seen below (accent marks represent pitch)
Person Negative affixes
First singular (t)ák, ká
Second singular cík, cikí
Third singular ík, kí
First plural kíl, kilí
Second plural hacík, (h)acikí
Third plural ík, kí
Likewise, there are patient prefixes, used when the pronomial form is the object of a transitive verb. Some examples of these being used are 'cahallo' (Do you hear me?) and 'cilhiicati' (We saw you). Furthermore, pronomials also have dative prefixes, for all persons and numbers. These can be seen below
Person Singular Plural
First am- pom-, kom-
Second cim- hacim-
Third im- (aatim-)
The Alabama verb is inflected for person, number tense/aspect, negation and mood. There are two types of verbs -- active and stative. Active verbs may be either transitive or intransitive. The pronomial affixes (mentioned above) can be prefixed, infixed or suffixed, with verbs being classified to the type and position of the affix. Some examples of inflected verbs can be seen below, with the affix bolded (ho used in the final example should be analyzed as a 'distributive' instead of a general pronomial prefix):
Alabama English
haaloliti 'I heard it'
haalaalo 'I will hear it'
isnooco 'You slept'
coispo 'You bought it'
hopooncilo 'You will cook it'
nooco 'He slept'
ilhaaloti 'We heard it'
coilpati 'We bought it'
hohaaloti 'They bought it'.
Alabama verbs can have several derivational affixes. Among these, the ones of most interest are -li 'active', -ka 'mediopassive' and -ci 'causative'. The majority of verbs are derived with either -li or -ka and many verb roots contain both, with -li being hte active verb stem and the -ka form representing the stative stem. This is not a hard rule, however, and there are many active verbs that terminate in -ka, take agentive affixes and lack a corresponding -li form.
The passive can be marked on the verb with infixation, -l- or -il- often being a common way to do this, as in ilbi 'is killed' from ibi 'to kill'. There is also an 'intensive infix' -h-, which can be seen in hahlo 'to hear anything easily' from halo 'to hear' (this infix can also be used with adjectives to derive nouns and verbs: nahni 'a hero, a brave man' from nani 'male'; kahya 'to overeat' from haiya 'full).
The order in which affixes apply to the verbs is variable depending on the verb class (which set of agentive pronomials it takes) as well as the type of conjugation (basic, infixed, auxiliary, etc.). The most basic order, however, is agent - verb stem - TNS. An example of this paradigm is included below (the vowel in the parentheses, the prothetic one, does not appear when the stem is preceded by the agentive prefix; notice it appears after ho-, showing that it is not a pronomial prefix):
Person Alabama English Affix markings
1sg ipalo I eat it ipa-li-o
2sg ispo You eat it is-(i)pa-o
3sg ipo He eats it ipa-o
1pl ilpo We eat it il-(i)pa-o
2pl haspo Y'all eat it has-(i)pa-o
3pl hoipo They eat it ho-ipa-o
Negatives are indicated by the presence of the negative agentive affix as well as the presence of -ki, a negative auxiliary, and/or the particle -o, a 'negative' marker. See below for the three third person constructions of hiica 'see' ('he sees' and 'he doesn't see')
Positive Negative 1 Negative 2
hiico ikhíícobi hicatíkkobi
The distinction between tense and aspect is difficult to make in Alabama, and so the two are generally grouped together (this has led some historical linguists to believe that Proto-Muskogean lacked a tense category, and used aspect and modals to convey temporal information). These affixes can be split into two groups, with some leaning more towards tense while others towards aspect, but these are not rigorous groupings and I will merge them when listing them in the table below. As can be seen, Alabama distinguishes two future times, two present ones and three past tenses, while the rest lean towards aspectual use.
Affix Gloss
-lo (definite) future
-la indefinite future
-ci continuous
-o/-bi perfect
-ti proximate time
-kha remote time
-to(ha) narrative past
-ahi intentional
-aapi/mpa durational
-co(li) credential
-colikha remote habitual ('used to do')
-coti proximate habitual ('used to doing')
-moli evidential
-alpiisa obligational
aaba censurial
The final suffix included on the verb in Alabama is one for indicating the mood. Three moods are given: declarative, interrogative and imperative. The declarative is the unmarked form, while interrogatives are formed by nasalizing the final vowel and changing the intonation (see above; sometimes the vowel is so weak that intonation is the only indicator). The imperative, which exists in a positive and negative form, is conveyed by changing intonation and placing either the distributive -ho between the root and -li/-ka (positive imperative) or by adding the verbal suffix -mna (negative imperative). Simultaenous actions can be expressed with the affix fóóka-, a 'temporal locative' affix often best translated as 'while', 'when', at the time of', etc. An example of this is akaakan ipat feelilifóókok ifakon ibiliti ('having finished eating the chicken, I killed the dog'), with the affix appearing on the verb for 'finish'.
Finally, Alabama has several 'syntactic suffixes'. Some of these, such as the case endings, have already been mentioned. But two more are -yá, which is used to topicalize nouns, as well as -t, labeled 'verb conjunction', which appears at the end of an uninflected verb that is followed by yet another verb, usually the finite one. This can have several meanings, such as 'X and X' (cokoolit compalici 'I am sitting and eating', -t is on the verb 'sit') and in combining two such as the English 'Bill finished building the table' (bilkak ayolimpan taliboo(li)t anooliti, where the verb witht he 't' represents 'build').

Miscellany

Samples

Spoken sample:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A_UMZ_Qnhq8 (Biblical video)
Written sample:
Note: I am transcribing a story below. Please note that I will not indicate tone and that it will be in a modified IPA (I can't recreate some of the characters on my keyboard, for instance) due to the fact the language has rarely been written.
wahkan likonlon ittimmayeesbannatoha. "cimmayaalatolo" lakonlakok mankan wahkakok "ammaciyaabokolo" katoha. mahmimok "sancohatkaci maatalahkafayon ostokoohililolo" katoha. mahmosin "ina" katoha. mahmosin ittiilahot coffitomaali likonlakok wakaikat nakaalã wahkakaalok wakaikat obaalima atakaakatoha. tankacooton nihtoton allatok analtoha. sancohatkafakon osthacaatoha. istobaalon likonlakok wakaikat olatoha. "cimmayalo" wahkakok katoha. "immayasbannayok". hayoyahiya hikãmõca hikamõlapitcaii wawa.
(The crane and the hummingbird wanted to bet with each other. "It seems I will beat you," the hummingbird said, and (new subject) the crane responded "You're not going to beat me!" And then (same subject) "You and I will go stand yonder where there's white sand," he said. And then (different subject, i.e. hummingbird) "It's OK to me," he responded. And then (different subject, i.e. crane) coming together, even as they jumped off, that there hummingbird flew off and disappeared and (different subject) that there crane along flying behind just hung in there. Night and day he went on and on. Where there was white sand, he stood. Coming behind, that hummingbird, flying, arrived there. "I have beaten you," the crane said. "So he wants to beat him!" (the crane sang) (last line is a song, indeterminate meaning).

Sources

Further Reading

Previous LotWs

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submitted by galaxyrocker to languagelearning [link] [comments]

Intro to Bollywood for r/movies

I saw the top post on movies to be something to do with Bollywood and saw a lot of people asking what is normal and what is not. So I thought I make a long, but relatively brief intro to Bollywood post. I am Indian and I was born and raised in America, but I love Indian movies to death (just as much as other cinema). They are so radically different from any other cinema from around the world that I feel it needs an intro of its own. So here it goes…
1. Bollywood doesn’t equal all of Indian cinema
Bollywood is the term for films produced in Mumbai (Bombay). India has a lot of languages and different cultural regions. The films produced in Mumbai are usually just Hindi films and some Marathi (if I am not mistaken). There are plenty more films – Bengali, Gujarati, Telugu, Tamil, Malayalam, Kannada, etc. Those films can be very different from Bollywood films. In some cases, Bollywood remakes (sometimes unofficially) films made in those languages. This is becoming more and more prevalent now.
2. Most popular form of Hindi (Bollywood) cinema – the Masala film
The key element to understanding Hindi cinema is what drives a majority of audiences to go see it. Star power is huge in Hindi cinema. Way more than you would imagine in Hollywood. The Hindi cinema audience can be more or less broken down into 3 types. 1. The “single-screen” audience who used to be classified as auto (taxi) drivers or lower income ones – now they are just the more general audience 2. The middle area – embody characteristics of both 3. The “multiplex” audience who tend to watch films that are closer to the festival type
The “single-screen” audience is the majority of the movie-goers. These audiences go to movies mostly based on star power. And those stars have to be in films that in a way, elevate them to superhero mode. The films that do these are known as masala films.
Masala films used to be films that mix every genre together to create the most possible entertainment – action, romance, melodrama, comedy. Now the term “masala” film has slightly transformed to films that fully utilize the film’s star to their utmost action or comedy potential. These stars include: Shahrukh Khan, Salman Khan, Akshay Kumar, Ajay Devgan.
What do I mean by elevate the star to “superhero mode”? I mean like when they beat up dozens of men easily. They can dance well and woo the actress or the heroine well. Their introductions are slow and built up so that fans can literally scream and go crazy when they come on screen. It is a culture of its own and something I love when it is done well. In other cases, it is the star doing over-the-top comedy.
These are the films that make the most money. Some of my favorite films of this type include: Dabangg and Sholay. I tend to like masala films in Tamil/Telugu much better because they are more well made for their purpose.
These films may be hard to like for people not accustomed to Indian cinema because they aren’t good cinema if you look at it the same way you would look at some of Hollywood’s finest. They are good in another way. They are a culture of their own. The closest comparison I can possibly think of is that it is like Tarantino cinema (don’t kill me, hear me out). They are similar in that they are over-the-top and they are pretty much exploitation cinema. Tarantino’s films tend to be more intelligent. Masala films are made for fun and not for provoking thoughts. Again, there are plenty of bad ones out there as well: Humshakals, Himmatwala, etc.
tl;dr masala films are the over-the-top, exploitation from Tarantino films combined with mindless fun of a summer action blockbuster
3. There are other films….
As popular as these masala films are, there are so many more films that are more relatable to fans of other cinema. I guess the more realistic films and not over-the-top films. Occasionally, these have songs and dances as well, but that is because it is something so fun, it is hard to omit. Anyway, just like how Hollywood has the Transformers, the Grown Ups for every Children of Men or Her, Bollywood does too. These films are becoming more and more prevalent. Some of my favorite filmmakers include: Vishal Bharadwaj (makes great Shakespearean adaptations), Anurag Kashyap, Vikramaditya Motwane, and Dibakar Banerjee. These are usually catered to the multiplex audiences that I mentioned above.
4. Why the poor special effects?
Before I continue, I still dislike Krrish 3 because it had potential but it was just lazy and bad. Now, coming back to the topic, visual effects in Indian cinema as a whole is usually very weak. It is because they can not afford it. One of the most expensive films of recent times: Robot (Endhiran in Tamil) cost 1,500,000,000 rupees to make. How much is that in dollars? $24,910,740. The highest earning Hindi film has only made $80 million (Dhoom 3). They do not have the budget to do make films as big of a visual extravaganza because no matter how many BO records it breaks, it will barely make up the cost. Still, films are definitely improving in that area slowly.
5. Song and dance sequences
Non-Indian movie-goers favorite topic: Why do they do that randomly? Well, I don’t know to be honest. However, it has always been there, so I am not even slightly unsettled by them popping up in Indian movies despite watching so many movies of other languages. They usually come in these certain situations: the introduction of a stacharacterization of a star (to establish that he is here and/or what type of guy is he (savior who everyone loves, fun/out-of-control party type guy), establishment of a romantic connection (right after a scene where you feel that the guy and girl are starting to get close to each other), a festival (Holi, Diwali celebrations – probably most realistic type b/c people do sing and dance in festivals), and the item song (an actress – on rare occasions, an actor – dancing usually seductively, an exploitative song  it is like Beyonce/Shakira/Rihanna in a music video). The more realistic films nowadays have songs playing in background with montage sequences happening.
Summary Basically, Bollywood is a very unique industry. The masala films are an art of their own (unfortunately, an art rarely done well nowadays) and they are meant to be over-the-top, mindless. For you real cinema people, there are also the more polished products out there. I did this for personal satisfaction. There are a few who hate on Bollywood simply because the most popular films are not realistic and spread negativity about it. Even in Hollywood, the most popular films aren’t necessarily the realistic ones (Transformers 4 – highest grosser of the year so far)
My personal suggestion: Om Shanti Om is a film that pretty much mocks this type of “masala film” industry very well and does it while being a masala film. Luck By Chance does it well also, but in a more realistic manner.
Any other Bollywood enthusiasts can correct some things they don’t agree with. I’m merely a Bollywood fan, not someone who studied it. Any others who want suggestions based on American films. Feel free to ask. This is my first post on this subreddit, so if I did something wrong, sorry.
EDIT: Out of all those movies whose posters have copied, Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara, Aitraaz and Gulaal arethe only good ones. Hulchul is okay. I don't usually like horror movies so I can't say much about Bhoot or Phoonk. And if I remember correctly, Hisss is a Hollywood production that practically no one in India saw.
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beat me meaning in kannada video

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My Son Beat Me Mc Shem Comedian - YouTube

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beat me meaning in kannada

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